The True Face of Islam Essays on Islam and Modernity in...

llectual life is rich and vibrant, it is little known elsewhere, primarily because most Indonesian scholars write in the Indonesian language and not in English. Among the most well-known Indonesian writers on Islam is Nurcholish Madjid, rector of the Paramadina University, Jakarta. This collection of essays is the first major English translation of Madjid’s writings. The essays cover a diverse range of issues but are shaped by a common concern for an understanding of Islam that takes into account the myriad challenges that Indonesia is today faced with. They reflect Madjid’s quest for developing a contextually relevant interpretation of Islam that, departing from traditional notions in some significant respects, can help in the process†¦show more content†¦The first sila or ‘principle’ lays down belief in the one God as binding on all citizens. Hence, Indonesia is neither a theocratic nor a secular state, but somewhat in between the two. Pancasila also mandates the unity of Indonesia, democratic rule and social justice, all of which, Madjid writes, are in harmony with the principles of the different religi ons practised in Indonesia. Seeking ‘Islamic’ sanction for Pancasila, he likens it to the treaty of Medina between the Prophet and the Jews, which guaranteed freedom of religion and allowed for people of different faiths to work together for the defence of Medina. Linked to this appeal for a pluralist Indonesia is Madjid’s critique of the post-Qur’anic notion of the world being divided into two antagonistic spheres – dar al-islam (i.e. the region in which Islam prevails) and dar al-harb (i.e. the region in which kufr prevails and as such is at war with dar al-islam). In their place, he invokes the Qur’anic notion of dar al-islam (‘the abode of peace’), which he sees as a society based on peace and social justice for all. Madjid regards Pancasila as working in the direction of establishing such a society, and that is why he argues that a Pancasila state, rather than an Islamic state, is the best available system for Indonesia. Madjid is also a fervent champion of harmonious relations betweenShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7

Marketing Led of Turkish Airlines Free Essays

To: Adrian Edwards From: Guler kaya Date: 03 November 2011 Report title: The marketing plan of Turkish Airlines 1 Introduction / Terms of Reference The report will be concluded with an overall summary of the company situation, market share and evaluation of its future marketing activities. The objective of this marketing plan is further developing Turkish airlines market share in 2010/11 period through marketing program and initiatives. Savoir of the Turkish nation and motherland, founder of the Republic on 16 February 1925 guidance of the Great Leader Ataturk â€Å"Turkish Aeronautical Association† was founded under the name of the Turkish Aeronautical Association, the Great Turkish nation living with the material and moral support, embrace and love of aviation is an organization working for . We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Led of Turkish Airlines or any similar topic only for you Order Now Turkish Aeronautical Association, not political activity, not only is an organization working in areas related to aviation. The Authority technical and administrative matters, shall cooperate with the Air Force, Air Force will ask the opinion of the principle decisions before creating. Turkish Aeronautical Association, 5 August 1925 by the Council of Ministers was among the non-profit associations. The Authority is a member of the International Aeronautical Federation, Turkey, and Aeronautical Federation is the authority. The President and Cabinet, the spiritual guardians of the Turkish Aeronautical Association. The Agency’s headquarters in Ankara. Turkish airlines celebrated 75th year in civil aviation in 2008, where they started with only 19 seat capacity, now making plans to be one of the major players of the global market. Turkish Airlines Inc. or Turk Hava Yollari A. O. (THY), is the flag carrier of Turkish air transportation. Its 70 aircraft comprise one of the youngest fleets in Europe. More than ten million passengers a year fly THY’s network of 100 destinations, three-quarters of them international. THY was formed in 1933 as a domestic carrier. It built up an international network after World War II but eventually was hindered by mishaps and poor customer relations. The airline began a turnaround in the mid-1980s. It slowly began a privatization process in 1990, when 2 percent of stock was floated. This was accelerated in late 2004 with the offering of an additional 20 percent of shares. Profit of TL 107 trillion in 2004 to 12 million passengers, Turkish airline companies that serve technical e. g. KLM, SAS, FLY AIR, DELTA Airlines, Austrian Airlines, Olympic Airways, Sun Express, MNG Airway much like company plane maintenance of domestic and foreign repairs Turkey. Turkish airlines representation in the world will announce the name of the biggest brand in the future growth around the globe Turkish Airlines experienced and quality through the in the former has a superior power, and quality of all working team is growing. Class caters best to the world economy Turkish airline 1. 060 of the world arrive at the of as the number of passengers and the quality of Europe’s fastest growing, developing airway, they are a huge family of 15 thousand persons in the service of the world. In addition 1 year in the city of the world in more than 160 humanitarian blew more than 25 million and a third of Europe’s best airline company. Turkish Airlines Industry THY had some features that makes it strong in the sector. First of all, THY charges close to a discount-airline. Secondly, it offers a business class service on both overseas and domestic flights. Moreover, THY offers a frequent flyer program (an example to this is; MilesSmiles) Fourthly, it competes with international and domestic airlines and long distance inter-city bus services (through price cuts). Finally, THY had the best landing slots (in Istanbul Ankara) and it is the only Turkey based international carrier. Unfortunately, THY has some weaknesses such as; acting    like a legacy airline, but does not qualifying as one. Furthermore, THY is not a name brand. Thirdly, there are no strategic partnerships (high point cost per redeemed flight) (weak frequent flyer program with high costs). Also there are lack of customer orientation    and lack of service culture . Finally, its fleet size is small. There are some opportunities like; THY sees itself as a competitive enterprise rather than a government agency. Secondly,    THY has the confidence of financial markets , also, THY has a year or two before foreign discount airlines are allowed to fly to Istanbul and other Turkish markets . Finally, the expected rise in world airline    passenger traffic can be an opportunity for THY. We can sum up the threats THY faces as 3 categories; short-term threats, medium-term threats and long-term threats. To begin with, short-Term Threats are the expansion of existing competitors    and the entry of new competitors . Secondly, medium-term threat is; Istanbul, Izmir, Antalya and Ankara destinations will be available for discount routes from major European centers. Finally, long-term threats are; firstly, the European Union’s adoption of a true ‘open skies’ policy    (which will lead all international carriers to enter domestic market of THY. Secondly, terorism and war fears (decrease in the amount of tourists). Lastly, low cost travelling to other destinations (from Europe)   2. Finding: 2. 1 Social Factor On development, the international arena, competitors, customers on the airline does not always process-oriented, customer-focused pandemic disease, climate conditions, and transportation. for example if you have the swine flu in country after country, this does not mean other countries can not be bi, air field coming from each country, so people trying to cross the country without going out of control, must necessarily. Turkish Airlines passenger if it is the best example of the Turkish Airlines for the first time to enter the country is doing, and it enters the body through the countries in check is also. . Airline companies, upping the ante to take security measures due to recent terrorist attacks, security measures have had a dramatic change. And security enhancement, in a sense, the pilot, passengers and their families to ease the minds, but also the terminal, the airport ticket counter, the amount of time and effort needed to get the gate increases the anxiety and frustration. Because, a few successful security breaches have occurred in the last decade, the luxury of being too loose for the safety of airlines will never again own. Turkish Airlines has received many awards because the security in terms of the number of disciplinary and experienced for example, once an institution, I have travelled to Istanbul, Turkish Airlines plane, and security all acted according to law and no one checked item in a separate treatment did not. 2. 2 Economical factors – THY ticket prices dropped by half compared with 2003 dollars and euro terms. Worked 10 percent profit margin. The most important thing was for a long time to grow healthy. – The number of passengers was 10 million to 35 million. The number of passengers increased by 6 times with other airlines. Turnover increased by 5 times world. – This is a good example in the same way. – 12 thousand to 16 thousand in 2010, the number of employees currently gets 90 percent of the time. What does need to be first on this subject? – increase its market share in the world’s largest airline. – 7. billion dollars this year, 40 percent of which will remain in Turkey. 2. 3 Legal factor i. Turkish Airlines Website conditions of use ii. Privacy Policy statement iii. General conditions of Carriage(passenger and Baggage) iv. Legal Notice Passenger Rights v. Terms ; Conditions (web-Mobile) 2. 4 Political Factors THY was a government-owned, national flag carrier. Labour agreement has powerful (Turkish Civil Union of Aviation). Discounters suit t hemselves and make money from receipts thanks to regulations of government. In 2002, the new Turkish Government announced, it would no t be subsidization for THY. The State privatization Administration launched a public share offering. Trust of financial markets without the need for government guarantees. 2. 5 Technological Factors Accordance with European standards of international quality certificates, high-tech centre of the worlds, Turkish Technical one of the centres of more than 30 airlines as much in many domestic and foreign offers. Plane, the trunk, and aims to become the number one engine regard * Satellite programming, wireless internet access, * satellite monitors at every seat and seat –back personal video screens in mod ish aircrafts, * Reservation on telephone and on the internet. 3. Conclusions Turkish airlines (THY) has led to ease of airline analysis, flight scheduling and also provided a means for customers to access and book flights from their homes. It has also increased the speed with which information about customers are retriev ed and handled and flight scheduling is tasked. 4. Recommendations They should focus on the east side of Turkey and they should improve their services about the flyers’ satisfaction. For attracting the clients, Turkish Airlines may give importance to Customer Service Culture While performing the SWOT analysis, the several key issues are to be recommended to the management. These recommendations are intended to assist the Turkish Airlines in keeping its pre-eminent position as it continue strives to be one of the best airline companies in the Today’s airline industry. The Turkish Airlines needs to keep its superiority and stay on top of the competition in the international market, despite the bad times associated with a global economy or strategies implemented by main competitors. The Turkish Airlines needs to thoroughly understand the plans being pursued by the British Airways, Cathay Pacific, and Virgin Atlantic in improving the comfort and quality of service it provides to its customers. The Turkish Airlines needs to continue differentiate itself by examining the strengths/weaknesses, and key points of these and other competitive airlines. By dominating the global regions it will create a greater potential for foreign investments, allowing the Turkish Airlines to sustain their quality efforts. 5. References Attitude Travel (2005) Turkey low cost no frills airlines: www. attitudetravel. com [Accessed 26 June 2005]. Buttle, F. B. (1996) Relationship Marketing Theory and Practice. London: Paul Chapma Cassani, B. and Kemp, K. (2003) go: An Airline Adventure. London: Time Warner Books. Turkish airline home page (1996-2011) http://www. turkishairlines. com/en-INT/corporate/contact_us/index. aspx How to cite Marketing Led of Turkish Airlines, Papers

The American Experience In Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s

The American Experience In The American Experience In The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test Mass Comm and Society Late November, 2000 ?Kesey in la casa grande with the wind up and the sky cloudy, and the Gulp flapping, and the Rat plaster paneled with pages from out of Marvel comics, with whole scenes of Dr. Strange, Sub Mariner, the Incredible Hulk, the Fantastic Four, the Human Torch--Superheroes, in short. All heads believe them to be drawn by meth freaks, because of the minute phosphorescent dedication of their hands. Superheroes! Ubermenschen! (Tom Woolfe, The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, page 288)?. The Electric Kool-Aid Acid test by Tom Woolfe is a lovely piece of literary journalism cooked up by renowned paperman Tom Woolfe. Written in 1968, the book (henceforth referred to as Acid Test) was a rousing success at providing the world at large with a stranger than fiction narrative of the formative days of the early ?hippie,? or ?head? movement. This book contains it all: Hell's Angels, the formation of the Grateful Dead, Owsely's Acid, Jack Keuorac, Timothy Leary and more. It centers on an enigmatic young Oregonian?a man who could be a farmer, or your son-in-law?who, for all intents and purposes, co-founded experiments into things psychedelic and the attendant lifestyle that followed. The man I am speaking of is one Ken Kesey, best-known for authoring One Flew Over the Cookoo's Nest. This man, via mind-altering hallucenogens, transitioned from Stanford University to Everywhere, U.S.A., picking up other interested parties every which way. These fellow travelers become the ?Merry Pranksters,? and, on their painted bus dubbed ?Furthur,? they attempt to explore the very edges of reality and consciousness. And Tom Woolfe writes about it. Some academians (Of the New York University School of Journalism) were so impressed by his work that they put it on a (relatively) short list of the 100 best examples of American journalism for the 20th century. Is this designation deserving? I think so. I'm going to show you this rather than telling, but suffice it to say the highest complement that I can pay is that Acid Test is truly a non-fiction novel. Pay careful attention to the excerpts which follow. Here you will get a taste of Woolfe's style, his attempt to capture, as he might say, not merely the overt facts of his subject but the psychological flavor as well. It would be impossible to give a roll call to Kesey's band of Merry Pranksters, just as it would be laughable to portray their story in a linear progression. A key element to the overall motif of Acid Test issssss.....(I'm using a Tom Woolfe-ism here.) The American Experience. If there is one thing about these Pranksters, these Intrepid Travelers, that makes them of interest, it is that they seek to experience life in a way that utterly thumbs the nose at all attempts to grovel at the posits of history. They don't want yesterday. In fact, the whole point is to catch up to the cusp of now. Let me set the scene for you: psychedelic drugs. In the 60s. They're everywhere. But as our story opens, they're just beginning to proliferate. Here is an in-house description of the Power the psychedelic experience packs, not in causing hallucination but in giving a truer portrait of Reality: ?...These drugs seem to be the key to open these locked doors. How many?-maybe two dozen people in the world were on to this incredible secret! One was Aldous Huxley, who had taken mescaline and written about it in The Doors of Perception. He compared the brain to a reducing valve. In ordinary perception, the senses send an overwhelming flood of information to the brain, which the brain then filters down to a trickle it can manage for the purpose of survival in a highly competitive world. Man has become so rational so utilitarian, that the trickle becomes most pale and thin. It is efficient, for mere survival, but it screens out the most wondrous part of man's potential experience Without his even knowing it. We're shut off from our own world. Primitive man once experienced the rich and sparkling flood of the senses fully. Children experience it for a few months--until normal' training, conditioning, close the

Essay on What Does the Minimum Wage Do

Essay on What Does the Minimum Wage Do Essay on What Does the Minimum Wage Do? Essay on What Does the Minimum Wage Do?In many countries, there exist minimum wage standards which secure the employees rights to receive a pay covering at least basic needs. In the United States, the Fair Labor Standards Act securing minimum wages was enacted in 1938 (Henderson 52). As inflation and recessions affect the economy, minimum wages are adjusted. However, such increases put more pressure on businesses and might have an adverse impact on employment. There are both supporters and opponents of minimum wage increase. The key thesis of this paper is the following: minimum wage should be increased to ensure that workers can sustain their basic needs.The increase of minimum wage will lead to a notable improvement of the quality of living of those people who live below the poverty line and close to the poverty line. In the United States, the proportion of such people is around 25% (Belman and Wolfson 67). Therefore, the increase of minimum wages will reduce social inequality and improve well-being of the poorest households.Furthermore, the purchasing ability of these households will increase; taking into account the number of such households, these changes are likely to have a positive impact on the economy. In addition, those people who chose not to work because of high costs of transportation and accommodation might start looking for jobs after the increase of minimum wages (Neumark and Wascher 30). These changes might slightly increase the rate of employment.The opponents of minimum wage increase state that the raise will lead to the growth of unemployment as businesses will slash jobs. In reality, businesses will indeed have to reduce costs, but the weight of low-paying jobs in overall business expenses is low, so companies will be more likely to reduce the pay for white-collar jobs or slash operating costs in some other ways (e.g. optimizing their supply chain, reducing waste, etc) (Tucker 14).One more argument in support of the minimum wage is the fac t that the raise will urge businesses to improve performance in order to optimize costs. Therefore, businesses will be encourages to reduce inefficiencies due to the increase of minimum wage. Therefore, it is recommended to increase minimum wage in order to support workers who have low-paying jobs and to achieve a slight economic boost.

Edge Habitats

Edge Habitats Across the globe, human development has fragmented once-continuous landscapes and ecosystems into isolated patches of natural habitat. Roads, towns, fences, canals, reservoirs, and farms are all examples of human artifacts that alter the pattern of the landscape. At the edges of developed areas, where natural habitats meet encroaching human habitats, animals are forced to adapt quickly to their new circumstancesand a closer look at the fate of these so-called edge species can give us sobering insights into the quality of the wild lands that remain. The health of any natural ecosystem depends significantly on two factors: the overall size of the habitat, and what is happening along its edges. For example, when human development cuts into an old-growth forest, the newly exposed edges are subjected to a series of microclimatic changes, including increases in sunlight, temperature, relative humidity, and exposure to wind. Plantlife and Microclimate Create New Habitats Plants are the first living organisms to respond to these changes, usually with increased leaf-fall, elevated tree mortality, and an influx of secondary-successional species. In turn, the combined changes in plant life and microclimate create new habitats for animals. More-reclusive bird species move to the interior of the remaining woodland, while birds better adapted to edge environments develop strongholds on the periphery. Populations of larger mammals like deer or big cats, which require large areas of undisturbed forest to support their numbers, often decrease in size. If their established territories have been destroyed, these mammals must adjust their social structure to accommodate the closer quarters of the remaining forest. Fragmented Forests Resemble Islands Researchers have found that fragmented forests resemble nothing so much as islands. The human development that surrounds a forest island acts as a barrier to animal migration, dispersal, and interbreeding (its very difficult for any animals, even relatively smart ones, to cross a busy highway!) In these island-like communities, species diversity is governed largely by the size of the remaining intact forest. In a way, this is not all bad news; the imposition of artificial constraints can be a major driver of evolution and the flourishing of better-adapted species. The problem is that evolution is a long-term process, unfolding over thousands or millions of years, while a given animal population may disappear in as little as a decade (or even a single year or month) if its ecosystem has been wrecked beyond repair. The changes in animal distribution and population that result from fragmentation and the creation of edge habitats illustrate how dynamic a cut-off ecosystem can be. It would be ideal if- when the bulldozers have disappeared- the environmental damages subsided; unfortunately, this is rarely the case. The animals and wildlife left behind must begin a complex process of adaptation and a long search for a new natural balance. Edited on February 8, 2017, by Bob Strauss

Marketing Environment of the Financial Services Industry Essay

Marketing Environment of the Financial Services Industry - Essay Example Modification of this law recognizes the comparative development of the DIFC and strengthens its autonomy from onshore legislators. These legislative alterations with regard to DIFC examine what can be anticipated in terms of future regulations inside UAE financial services segment. This will significantly aid in encouraging business in the area. The significant bodies of the DFIC are maintained which have distinct pecuniary units with independent budget lines. The new amendment also clarifies the governance and executive structures of the three significant bodies. The new duties are to instigate, standardize and develop an independent payment structure in connection with the UAE fundamental Bank to advance massive wholesale disbursement, including multi-nation, and currency clearance deals. It clears the capability to clear and mend payments and to implement a structure accordingly (Campbell, p. 1). Current havoc in financial markets with regard to the sub-prime financial catastrophe calls for the integration of chattel liquidity into contemporary risk management components. The definitive target is to execute advanced financial modelling elements and sound regulations for the monetary, service industry in the UAE. The Amended Law indicates further advancement of the DIFC and Dubai as a retreat of tranquillity, order and superb governance. The DIFC society and stakeholders promote this amendment since it aims at enhancing the legislative obligation to subsidize DIFC’s contribution to global financial services sector as might be necessary to sustain effectiveness, transparency and veracity. 2 Global Financial Services Industry Leverages on enhanced De-risking Strategies The comprehensive international outlook aims at changing the financial services sector. Rapid recovery has been recorded in varied sections such as banking and coverage from the present economic meltdown. This is expected to guide the international monetary services in the short or medium terms. Transaction safety, operational effectiveness, regulatory conformity, business stability planning, re-engineering, client service and business peril management will probably advance market development in the approaching years. The financial services segment is significant consumer of varied business services and items. It is an economic authority that drives other enterprises undertakings, setting principles as it provides the monies required to advance these enterprises. It is the spotlight of other sections of the market. It is a sector significantly susceptible to market alterations. The initiation of niche players enhances the sector, although, there have been declines in the number of financial affiliations. The emergence of non-financial institutions into this sector is significantly altering the sector. Escalating competition and flooded markets has forced massive actors in the global banking sector to explore upcoming markets. These changes in the financial segment wi ll significantly increase profits, improve clients’ confidence and advance the entire business progress (GIA, p.1). Consolidation has been extremely significant in the financial services segment in present years. These structural alterations in the sector have produced the liberal strategic turbulence that has challenged senior administration

Innovative Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 10

Innovative Organisations - Essay Example The focus of the writer’s study is on the Apple’s innovative product - iPod which is a current bestseller and in high demand. This product is having the features of downloading favourite music, books and other literatures which can be read and listened too. This iPod can be used in cars and other mobile settings. This report will be able to explain the innovation process and strategies used for the success of iPod product. Through this work the writer would like to put across the factors that help an organisation become innovative and iconic. To withstand in the platform of performance, companies need to be innovative in their activities. So, innovation is getting importance in this highly competitive scenario. In 1960s and 1970s innovation meant a new idea, concept, product or process-invention and in the 1980s it changed in terms of creating something new and bringing it into use. Later in 1990s, innovation was defined as creating something new, bringing it into use and getting a profit from it. Innovation is given huge importance in organisation because keeping pace with innovation is equal to a key to prepare for the future. It will lead to future survival and success of the organisation and it can make competitive advantage out of it. That is why it is seen that organisations are spending huge amount of money for R &D activities. Through this research work, the writer would like to do a study on the innovative process in an organisation and analyse how innovative that organisation is, in the area of performance. For the purpose of this study, the selected Company is Apple Inc., an innovative organization and the writer would concentrate her work on the innovative product iPod. The writer has selected this company because it ranked first in FT500 list of most innovative companies in the world. Apple iPod is the most successful product of Apple